Methods
Tissues from single, wild-collected individuals were used for this study. DNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen DNEasy genomic extraction kit using the standard process. Paired-end sequencing libraries were constructed using the Illumina TruSeq kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq platform in paired-end, 2 × 150bp format. The resulting fastq files were trimmed of adapter/primer sequences and low-quality regions with Trimmomatic v0.33 (Bolger, Lohse, and Usadel 2014). The trimmed sequence was assembled by SPAdes v3.15.4 (Bankevich et al. 2012) followed by a finishing step using Zanfona (Kieras, O’Neill, and Pirro 2021).
Results and Data Availability
| taxname |
accession |
| Costus alleniopsis Maas & D.Skinner |
JBRGNK000000000 |
| Costus alticola Maas & H.Maas |
JBOBLW000000000 |
| Costus amazonicus (Loes.) J.F.Macbr. |
JBNWVC000000000 |
| Costus antioquiensis Maas & H.Maas |
JBPBVC000000000 |
| Costus asplundii (Maas) Maas |
JBOXDI000000000 |
| Costus callosus Maas & H.Maas |
JBNWVB000000000 |
| Costus chartaceus Maas |
JBNWUZ000000000 |
| Costus convexus Maas & D.Skinner |
JBMAHE000000000 |
| Costus cordatus Maas |
JBMPIG000000000 |
| Costus cupreifolius Maas |
JBMAUJ000000000 |
| Costus erythrocoryne K.Schum. |
JBMAHT000000000 |
| Costus erythrophyllus Loes. |
JBMAHF000000000 |
| Costus kupensis Maas & H.Maas |
JBPRKO000000000 |
| Costus lateriflorus Baker |
JBPRLJ000000000 |
| Costus nitidus Maas |
JBNXST000000000 |
| Costus obscurus D.Skinner & Maas |
JBMDMK000000000 |
| Costus oreophilus D.Skinner & Maas |
JBMAHV000000000 |
| Costus osae Maas & H.Maas |
JBMDMH000000000 |
| Costus plowmanii Maas |
JBMCZH000000000 |
| Costus rubineus D.Skinner & Maas |
JBMAUI000000000 |
| Costus scaber Ruiz & Pav. |
JBMBRM000000000 |
| Costus sepacuitensis Rowlee |
JBMBRU000000000 |
| Costus sinningiiflorus Rusby |
JBMAID000000000 |
| Costus sprucei Maas |
JBMBTX000000000 |
| Costus vargasii Maas & H.Maas |
JBMAHU000000000 |
| Dimerocostus argenteus Maas |
JBPRLD000000000 |
| Dimerocostus cryptocalyx N.R.Salinas & Betancur |
JBPRLM000000000 |
| Hellenia globosa (Blume) S.R.Dutta |
JBPRLI000000000 |
| Monocostus uniflorus (Poepp. ex Petersen) Maas |
JBPRKT000000000 |
| Paracostus englerianus (K.Schum.) C.D.Specht |
JBPRLK000000000 |
| Paracostus paradoxus (K.Schum.) C.D.Specht |
JBPSDS000000000 |
Funding
Funding was provided by Iridian Genomes, grant# IRGEN_RG_2021-1345 Genomic Studies of Eukaryotic Taxa.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dave Skinner for providing silica material for multiple species in this study.
Submitted: November 06, 2025 EDT
Accepted: November 10, 2025 EDT