Methods

Single wild-collected individuals were sampled for this study from Ethiopia, Guyana, Mexico and the United States. DNA extraction was performed using the Qiagen DNAeasy genomic extraction kit using the standard protocol. A paired-end sequencing library was constructed using the Illumina TruSeq kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The library was sequenced on an Illumina Hi-Seq platform in paired-end, 2 × 150 bp format. The resulting fastq files were trimmed of adapter/primer sequence and low-quality regions with Trimmomatic v0.33 (Bolger, Lohse, and Usadel 2014). The trimmed sequence was assembled by SPAdes v2.5 (Bankevich et al. 2012) followed by a finishing step using Zanfona (Kieras, 2021).

Results and Data Availability

All data, including raw reads and assembled genome sequence, is available via Genbank.Names in bold indicate material associated with type specimens.

taxname specimen_voucher accession
Adenomera lutzi UPRM_GENRESCOL_1186 JBISCX000000000
Afrixalus enseticola UPRM_GENRESCOL_1087 JBJPHG000000000
Agalychnis callidryas UPRM_GENRESCOL_1522 JBKKFR000000000
Ambystoma opacum UPRM_GENRESCOL_670 JBLADG000000000
Amnirana galamensis UPRM_GENRESCOL_795 JBJUSC000000000
Anomaloglossus beebei UPRM_GENRESCOL_1181 JBJNIJ000000000
Anomaloglossus kaiei UPRM_GENRESCOL_1168 JBKSNL000000000
Atelopus hoogmoedi UPRM_GENRESCOL_1133 JBJNSI000000000
Balebreviceps hillmani UPRM_GENRESCOL_1709 JBJPGN000000000
Boana sibleszi UPRM_GENRESCOL_1223 JBIUDA000000000
Conraua beccarii UPRM_GENRESCOL_709 JBINJG000000000
Dendropsophus microcephalus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1326 JBJNRZ000000000
Gastrophryne elegans UPRM_GENRESCOL_1582 JBJNSK000000000
Hoplobatrachus occipitalis UPRM_GENRESCOL_807 JBINJP000000000
Hyperolius nasutus UPRM_GENRESCOL_948 JBISCW000000000
Hyperolius viridiflavus UPRM_GENRESCOL_949 JBJMAJ000000000
Incilius valliceps UPRM_GENRESCOL_1238 JBINKA000000000
Kassina somalica UPRM_GENRESCOL_1735 JBJPHC000000000
Leptodactylus fragilis UPRM_GENRESCOL_1425 JBIMIZ000000000
Leptodactylus knudseni UPRM_GENRESCOL_1157 JBJPHD000000000
Leptodactylus longirostris UPRM_GENRESCOL_1171 JBJPGM000000000
Leptodactylus melanonotus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1543 JBINKL000000000
Leptodactylus mystaceus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1169 JBIUDB000000000
Leptodactylus rhodomystax UPRM_GENRESCOL_1138 JBJNSE000000000
Leptodactylus rugosus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1173 JBJPHM000000000
Leptopelis bocagii UPRM_GENRESCOL_829 JBJURZ000000000
Leptopelis ragazzii UPRM_GENRESCOL_1716 JBJMAL000000000
Lithobates berlandieri UPRM_GENRESCOL_1346 JBJMAI000000000
Lithobates vaillanti UPRM_GENRESCOL_1234 JBKIIU000000000
Osteocephalus leprieurii UPRM_GENRESCOL_1140 JBJPHL000000000
Osteocephalus oophagus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1204 JBJNSH000000000
Osteocephalus taurinus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1143 JBINKM000000000
Paracassina kounhiensis UPRM_GENRESCOL_1086 JBJPHI000000000
Phrynobatrachus minutus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1000 JBINJM000000000
Phrynobatrachus natalensis UPRM_GENRESCOL_852 JBIMOX000000000
Phyllomedusa bicolor UPRM_GENRESCOL_1135 JBJNRK000000000
Ptychadena anchietae UPRM_GENRESCOL_1729 JBJNSA000000000
Ptychadena baroensis UPRM_GENRESCOL_791 JBLRED000000000
Ptychadena erlangeri UPRM_GENRESCOL_984 JBIMOY000000000
Ptychadena goweri UPRM_GENRESCOL_697 JBLTII000000000
Ptychadena harenna UPRM_GENRESCOL_1103 JBJMAM000000000
Ptychadena levenorum UPRM_GENRESCOL_692 JBKZWA000000000
Ptychadena neumanni UPRM_GENRESCOL_691 JBJPGX000000000
Ptychadena nilotica UPRM_GENRESCOL_956 JBIYYX000000000
Ptychadena nuerensis UPRM_GENRESCOL_928 JBMAHJ000000000
Rhaebo guttatus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1154 JBJMAN000000000
Rhinatrema nigrum UPRM_GENRESCOL_1129 JBKOIU000000000
Rhinella marina UPRM_GENRESCOL_1166 JBKIBT000000000
Rhinophrynus dorsalis UPRM_GENRESCOL_1375 JBLOPD000000000
Scinax boesemani UPRM_GENRESCOL_1191 JBJNSG000000000
Scinax staufferi UPRM_GENRESCOL_1232 JBIMJA000000000
Sclerophrys asmarae UPRM_GENRESCOL_963 JBIMOZ000000000
Sclerophrys maculata UPRM_GENRESCOL_683 JBJMAO000000000
Sclerophrys regularis UPRM_GENRESCOL_701 JBINJH000000000
Sclerophrys steindachneri UPRM_GENRESCOL_868 JBKBFG000000000
Smilisca baudinii UPRM_GENRESCOL_1276 JBINKF000000000
Stefania evansi UPRM_GENRESCOL_1130 JBJPHJ000000000
Tepuihyla exophthalma UPRM_GENRESCOL_1231 JBJPHB000000000
Tlalocohyla loquax UPRM_GENRESCOL_1271 JBIMOT000000000
Tomopterna cryptotis UPRM_GENRESCOL_690 JBKHVD000000000
Tomopterna kachowskii UPRM_GENRESCOL_1732 JBJMAR000000000
Trachycephalus venulosus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1336 JBINJI000000000
Triprion petasatus UPRM_GENRESCOL_1272 JBINJZ000000000
Xenopus clivii UPRM_GENRESCOL_724 JBJNIE000000000

Funding

Funding was provided by Iridian Genomes, grant# IRGEN_RG_2021-1345 Genomic Studies of Eukaryotic Taxa and by NSF grants DBI 2334779 and DEB DEB1501711, awarded to TJC.

Acknowledgements

TJC thanks the Ethiopian Wildlife Conservation Authority, the Guyanese Environmental Protection Agency, SEMARNAT Mexico and the Florida FWC for research, collection and export permits pertaining to fieldwork associated with these specimens.